Brachytherapy is a specialized form of radiation therapy that delivers treatment directly inside or very close to a tumor. Unlike external radiation, which passes through healthy tissues to reach cancer cells, brachytherapy places radioactive sources precisely at the treatment site. This targeted approach allows clinicians to attack cancer cells more effectively while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy organs.
One of the greatest strengths of brachytherapy is its precision. By positioning the radiation source within the body, doctors can administer a high dose to the affected area while significantly reducing exposure elsewhere. This precision makes brachytherapy particularly effective for localized cancers such as prostate, cervical, breast, skin, and certain head and neck cancers. In many cases, it is used as a standalone treatment, while in others it complements surgery or external radiation therapy.
Brachytherapy procedures are typically categorized into two types: temporary and permanent. In temporary brachytherapy, radioactive material is placed inside the body for a short period and then removed. This method is often used when high-dose radiation is required over a brief time. Permanent brachytherapy, on the other hand, involves implanting tiny radioactive seeds that remain in the body and gradually lose their radiation strength over time. These seeds become harmless after the radiation dissipates and usually do not need to be removed.
Another major advantage of brachytherapy is its efficiency. Many treatments are completed in fewer sessions compared to conventional radiation therapy. Some procedures can even be done on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to return home the same day. This convenience reduces disruption to daily life and often leads to quicker recovery times. Patients generally experience fewer side effects such as fatigue or skin irritation, which are more common with external radiation methods.
Advancements in imaging and treatment planning have further enhanced the effectiveness of brachytherapy. Technologies such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI help clinicians map the tumor with remarkable accuracy before placing radioactive sources. This ensures optimal dose distribution and improves overall treatment outcomes. Computer-assisted planning also allows doctors to customize therapy for each patient, making brachytherapy a highly personalized form of cancer treatment.
Safety is a critical component of brachytherapy. Strict protocols are followed to protect patients, healthcare providers, and caregivers. The radiation is carefully controlled, and patients receive clear guidance on any temporary precautions needed after treatment. In most cases, normal interaction with family and friends can continue without concern.